Religious Movement Buddhism

Lord Buddha

* Also known as Sakyamuni or tathagata.

* Born to suddhodana (Sakya ruler) and Mahamaya in 563BC on the vaishakha poornima day at lumbini (near Kapilvastu) in Nepal.

* Lost mother 7 days after the birth. Brought up by stepmother gautami.

* Married at 16 to yoshodhara. Enjoyed the married life for 13 years and blessed with a son named Rahula.

* After seeing an old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic, he decided to become a wanderer.

* Left the palace at 29 ( With Channa, the charioteer and his favorite horse, Kanthaka) in search of truth ( called 'Mahabhinishkramana' or The great renunciation) and wandered for 6 Years.

* For Six years he tortured himself until he was nothing but a walking skeleton. But after six years, he felt that his fasts and penance had been useless. So, he abandoned these things.

* Attained 'Enlightenment' at 35 at gaya in Magadha (Bihar) under the pipal tree.

* Delivered the first sermon at sarnath where his five disciples had settled. His first sermon is called 'Dharmachakrapravartan' or 'Turning of the wheel of Law'.

* Attained Mahaparinirvana at kushinagar (identical with village kasia in Deoria district of UP) in 483 Bc at the age of 80.

Buddhist Literature

* In pali language.

* Buddhist scripture in pali are commonly referred to as Tripitakas, ie., 'Threefold Basket'.

Vanaya Pitaka

Rules of discipline in Buddhist monasteries.

Sutta Pitaka

* Largest, contains collective of Buddha's sermons.

* Jataks are the fables about the different births of Buddha.

Mahatma Buddha Stressed Four Noble Truths

* There is sorrow.

* Reason of sorrow is desire.

* Sorrow can be ended by killing desires.

* Desire can be controlled by following Eightfold path.

      

                         Buddhist Councils

Council    Time   Place      Chairman   King

1-First    483BC.  Rajgriha  Mahakashyap Ajatshatru.

2-Second  383BC Vaishali Sarvkami Kalashoka.

3-Third 251BC Patliputra Mogaliputta Tissa Ashoka.

4-Fourth 72AD  kashmir Vasumitra Kanishka.

In fourth council Buddhism separated into Mahayana and Hinayana sects.

Jainism

* Founded by Rishabha.

* There were 24 Tirthankaras. First Was Rishabhdev (Emblem: Bull).

* The 23rd Tirthankar Was Parshwanath (Emblem: Snake).

Lord Mahavira

* The 24th and the last Tirthankar was vardhman mahavira (Emblem: Lion). He was born in kundagram (Distt Muzaffarpur, Bihar) in 540 BC.

* Born to Siddhartha ( Head of the kshatriya clan) and trishla (sister of Lichhavi Prince chetak of vaishali).

* Married to Yashoda, had a daughter named priyadarsena, whose husband jamali became his first disciple.

* In the 13th year of his asceticism (on the 10th of vaishakha), outside the town of jrimbhikgrama, he attained supreme knowledge (kaivalya).

* At the age of 72, he attained death at pawapuri, in 468 BC.

Jainism Sects

Shwetambars (those who wear white clothes) and digambars (those who remain naked).

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